If you don’t like the message on
climate change, it seems that the answer is to shot the messenger.
According to a new book by veteran environmentalist
George Marshall,
thousands of abusive emails—including demands that he commit suicide or
be “shot, quartered and fed to the pigs, along with your family”—were
received by climate scientist
Michael Mann, director of Pennsylvania State University’s Earth System Science Centre, who drew and published the “
hockey stick graph” that charts a steep rise in global average temperatures.
Glenn Beck, a commentator on Fox TV, called on climate scientists to commit suicide. A
climate denial blogger
called Marc Morano claimed that one group of climate scientists
deserved “to be publicly flogged.” And the late Stephen Schneider found
his name and that of other Jewish climate scientists on a “death list”
maintained by an American neo-Nazi website.
Very Strange
As Marshall points out in his absorbing, all-embracing, immensely readable book,
Don’t Even Think About It: Why Our Brains are Wired to Ignore Climate Change, something very strange is going on.
Louis Pasteur’s revolutionary microbiology work on disease prevention
never resulted in him having to think about how to use a gun. Jonas
Salk never needed to fortify his house as result of working on the
development of a polio vaccine.
Other scientists are trusted and respected. But the way climate
scientists are now treated, Marshall argues, is without parallel in the
history of science: “They have been set up to play that role in a
climate storyline that, it would seem, cannot refute climate change
without demonising the people who warn us about it.”
Forget, if you can, the people who seem to be whipping up these
furious responses. Climate change can only be met or mitigated by
action—and there are plenty of reasons why a very large number of people
nod in agreement about what must be done and then fail to insist that
it is done.
Dan Gilbert,
a psychologist who won the Royal Society’s science book prize in 2007
with an examination of the puzzles of happiness, says that climate
change is something unlikely to strike fear in the human heart anyway.
It is impersonal, it is gradual, it is amoral and it isn’t—or doesn’t
seem to be—happening now.
Other researchers have pointed out the alarming tendency, shared by
all humans, to believe what they want to believe. Furthermore, climate
change is not (death threats and public flogging fantasies aside) an
immediate or an emotional issue. “A distant, abstract, and disputed
threat just doesn’t have the necessary characteristics for seriously
mobilising public opinion,” says the Nobel laureate,
Daniel Kahneman.
There are other difficulties. When, for instance, will the awful
things start to happen? How do you mobilise public opinion on an
argument with uncertain timescales, imprecise outcomes and real puzzles
about the costs and benefits of any actions? No one, Marshall says, is
ever going to march under a banner of that says “100 months before the
Odds Shift into a Greater Likelihood of Feedbacks.”
Marshall founded the
Climate Outreach and Information Network
(COIN), based in Oxford, England. He is a veteran of Greenpeace and the
Rainforest Foundation, and there isn’t much doubt about what he thinks
and knows to be true.
But the appeal of this book is that he lets others talk. He examines
the political doublethink that seems to infect some legislatures in the
U.S. He listens to the
skeptics,
the worriers, the oil giants, the conspiracy theorists, the celebrity
environmental campaigners and the other ones who invoke imagery of
death, fever and smoking ruin.
And he refers to the University of Oxford’s
Future of Humanity Institute,
which polled academic experts on global risk, and found an estimate of a
“19 percent probability that the human species will go extinct before
the end of the century”.
Altruistic Behavior
The title, direction and burden of this book seem to augur almost
apocalyptic failure to confront the coming crisis. But, of course,
Marshall pulls out an ace near the end.
He concludes that while human brains may be hard-wired to not worry
about what may or may not happen in two generations, they also have an
immense capacity for pro-social, supportive and altruistic behavior.
“Climate change is entirely within our capacity for change,” he says, “It is challenging, but far from impossible.”
That is good to know. And the book ends with some serious advice
about how to make the case for action—and instead of capital punishment,
we get generously shouty advice in capital letters. CLIMATE CHANGE IS
HAPPENING HERE AND NOW, he reminds us. And he urges campaigners to DROP
THE ECO-STUFF, especially the polar bears.
Marshall suggests that we really do try to contain global average warming to 2°C. He quotes John Schellnhuber, director of the
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, who told the Australians: “The difference between two and four degrees is human civilization.” And, yes, do think about it.
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